Application Of Therapeutic Communication In Mental Health Setting Nursing Essay

Application Of Therapeutic Communication In Mental Health Setting Nursing Essay Communication is an interactive process of transmitting information between a speaker and a receiver as stated by Townsend 2012.According to Townsend 2012, therapeutic communication is all about caregiver verbal and nonverbal techniques that focus on the care receivers needs and advance in the promotion of healing and change (p.153). Therapeutic communication plays an important role in providing holistic care to patients in general whereas to Psychiatric patients in particular. Mr. X is admitted in private psychiatric unit I encountered a patient who was diagnosed with substance abuse with co morbid of antisocial behavior. I was taking history of patient suddenly the area Staff came and interrupted in conversation and state criticizing sentence to patient in front of me by which patient felt guilty. From my point of view it was not the proper way of communication. There are different types of therapeutic communication. Two of them are verbal and nonverbal communications. According to Townsend 2012, verbal communication is that communication in which some body can speak some words to somebody while nonverbal communication is that in which the person himself does not speak some words but he shows his body language to convey or to send his message to his receiver. It is really difficult for us as health care providers to know about patients through any other way. One thing which helps in providing patient centered care is communication. Without communication it is not possible to know all the medical history of patient which is a building block of the care, by which health care providers find what, is the actual condition of the patient. According to Townsend 2012, Therapeutic communication helps in increasing, exploration of feelings and faster understanding of behavioral motivation. It is nonjudgmental discourages defenses and promote trust. Therapeutic communication, a term coined by Ruesch 1961, is defined as a purposeful form of conversation, serving as a point of human Contact between nurse and client and allowing them to reach common health-related goal through participation in a focused relationship. Therapeutic conversations are similar to those Used spontaneously in social communications, with several notable distinctions. Self-disclosure By the health care provider is limited to meeting the health-related goals of the relationship. In Contrast to social conversations, therapeutic conversations have a serious purpose related to Improving the health and well-being of the client. Therapeutic conversations in health care are Designed to help clients learn about their illness and how to cope with it, to comfort dying Persons, and to assure them that someone is there to be with them and ease their suffering Pearson, Borbasi, Walsh, 1997. Therapeutic conversations help make illness bearable by reinforcing self-esteem and supporting the natural healing powers of a person Peplum, 1960. The purpose of therapeutic communication is to provide a safe place for the client to explore the meaning of the illness experience, and to provide the information and emotional support That each client needs to achieve maximum health and well-being. In many ways, the nurse Functions as a skilled companion, using communication as a primary tool to achieve health goals (Pearson, Borbasi, Walsh, 1997). According to Townsend 2012, culture values are differ from one another for example, in Northern areas culture the females meet their elders by hand shake pay salaam than kiss their hands in the sense of respect that is a behavior which is appropriate in that area. The nonverbal showing of social status or power has suggested that high status seems through his gestures that communicate their higher power position such that, the less eye contacts have a more relaxed posture. The environment where we live can effected the communication in the certain culture of interact some people who feel easy and reject to speak during a group therapy, sessions are conducted to discuss openly the problems privately one to one basis with the nurse. The territory and culture are aspects of environment that communicate mass distance begins by which various cultures use space to communicate Hall 1966, According to Townsend 2012, distances matters a lot in communication the certain communicational distances are as follow, Personal distance should be 8 to 40inches, Social distance should be 4 to 12feet, the public distances should be 12feet, and the intimate distance should be 0 to 18inch in UK. According to Sunder 2010, The unrecognized differences in cultural in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ can result in assessment and interventions that are not optimally respectful of the patient and can be taking signally or by can be half .health care providers not having only knowledge about cultural as but also having awareness about their own cultural identities, especially important are Nurses own attitudes and beliefs towards those different cultures if nurse having knowhow then she might be able to maintain good relationship with client while taking care of the patient the nurse communication style , use of eye contact perception of patient culture are basic things for communication nurse should know this. During my clinical rotation I came across the client in a ward who was dumb , no matter attendant was with him at that moment when I assigned on that patient his attendant was went outside ward I face difficulty in providing quality care to the patient. I personally become more anxious becau se of lacking the primary history of patient even though, I study from patient profile and red folder but I am unable to get more past medical history of patient so that I am unable to provide quality care to patient. I fell low because I was trying to understand patients nonverbal message but am failed. From then I get the importance of communication in health care settings, not only in medical field but every fields and in life. Through communication we come to know and share our feelings to our relatives we understand and learn through the communication. Active Listening is the one of therapeutic communication which is effective with clients begins with active listening (Bush, 2001). Active listening requires not only the act of hearing with the senses but also an active interpretation of what is heard, with feedback given to the client and often a request for validation. Gadow (1995) suggested, In composing a narrative between nurse and patient, it does not matter who is author, because each is poet; it matters only that there are enough words between them to make a story (p. 11). According to Alderman (2000) refers to active listening as an art. Active listening is defined as a participatory process in which the nurse listens not only for facts but also for the underlying meaning of the communication with its attached values, attitudes, and feelings. As such, active listening is a dynamic, interactive process in which a nurse, hears a clients message, decodes its meaning, and provides feedback to the client regarding the nurses understanding of the message. Active listening means listening without making judgments or letting your own perceptions serve as a barrier to really hearing the client. The goal of active listening is to fully understand what the other person is trying to communicate. Often the full meaning of the senders message or intent is not readily apparent. It can be distorted when the listeners values, expectations, and experiences impose a perceptual filter on a message. Thus, two pe ople may hear the same conversation and derive entirely different meanings from it. For this reason, frequent validating with the client and self-awareness on the part of the nurse are essential elements of the therapeutic communication process. The nurse should be sensitive to not only what was being said but also to how it was said and to what is left out of the message as well as to what is included. Included in each participants communicated message is important nonverbal instructions met communication about the interpretation of the message. These can include body posture, gestures, tears, laughter, facial expressions, and vocal tones that reinforce or contradict the verbal message. The listener notes the tone of voice, the pauses in the conversation, and his or her own intuitive feelings in receiving the message (Metcalf, 1998). The listener consciously uses both met communication and minimal verbal cues to encourage further communication. Referred to as attending behaviors (B ox 10-1), these listening connections invite the client to communicate at a deeper level with the nurse. They convey both interest and a sincere desire to understand Straka, 1997. Attending behaviors let the client know that you are focused on understanding their situation and that you are open to whatever the client has to say. Attending behaviors require frequent check in to make sure that what is being observed or heard is accurate. For example, the nurse might say, Id just like to check in with you to make sure that I understand. Are you saying that? It also is important to put observations about nonverbal behaviors into words, with a request for validation: I notice that you seem very quiet today. The barriers to effective communication which are giving advice, offering false reassurance, being defensive. Showing approval/disapproval, Stereotyping, Asking why, changing the subject inappropriately. Falling to listen evaluating communication. Process recording verbatim account of a conversation includes verbal and nonverbal interactions analyze in terms of process content as it therapeutic?.What would I do deferent the next time. Client Records the purposes of communication care planning quality review research decision analysis education legal documentation, reimbursement and historic documentation. Methods of documentation source oriented, problem oriented, PIE is the Problem, Intervention, Evaluation, focus charting data, Action, Response, charting be exception, case management model and the computerized records. Guidelines for effective documentation. Agency policies, documentation forms, Accountability, Confidentiality. Confidentiality; ANA Code of Ethics The nurse safeguards the clients right to privacy by judiciously protecting information of a confidential nature. Use initials, not full name, on notes. AHA Patients Bill of Rights. The patient has the right to expect that all communications and records pertaining to his care should be treated as conf idential. Need to know the basic content, complete, accurate, relevant factual (not inference, opinion), timely, sequential, legally prudent. REFERENCES Townsend,M.C.(2012).psychiatric mental health nursing:concepts of care in evidences_based practice.(Ed.7th).Philadelphia,PA:F.A.Davis company. Halter, M.J.and Varcrolis,E.M.(2010).Psychatric mental health nursing:A clinical approach.(Ed.6th).Elsevier company. Hall,E.T.(1966).The hidden dimension.Garden city NY: Double day.

The Internet. Essay -- Design and Technology

The Internet. The Development of the Internet The Internet had started as a research project that was funded by the US Military. There were only three computers that were linked up to this network at this time. After 1969 a total of four computers were linked to this network, but nowadays there are billions. To link onto the internet everybody had a dial up connection which was a connection through your telephone line, when you wanted to go onto the internet a analogue signal would have been sent to your telephone provider and you would have been billed by them according to what your pay package was. The disadvantage of this was that you couldn’t accept telephone calls that were being made to your phone numbers but now the latest technology allows telephone calls to be accepted regardless if you are on the internet and now a new digital signal is being used instead of the old analogue one. Before simple information was displayed on the internet for example reviews and news and membership clubs were common, but now anything can be found on the internet. The internet also has a long way to go before it is 100% safe in the future; internet developers are working on improving the search engines, privacy and the security of the internet. Spam Spam is the name given to unwanted e-mails. This could be things advertising new products, or get rich prize draws, credit schemes and pornography. Spam can cost businesses as much as a couple of million pounds to send out computers. Spam can be sent to home computers as well as business computers. Businesses try to filter Spam by using blockers but these attempts may fail, because Spam is sent out in its millions this can clog up the internet network causing computers to rum slow or even crash. E-mail E-mail is short for electronic mail. E-mail is not only for fun but plays a large part in effective communication between major businesses. Almost everybody connected on the internet has an e-mail account. Accounts are free and can be achieved by singing up with companies such as yahoo, AOL and hotmail. Due to e-mail accounts being free storage space is limited. If you wish to have more storage space to keep more e-mails then the providers of your account offer you the chance to purchase a bigger account at a small price which you normally have to pay each month. Depending on ... ... should only contain material that is relevant and suitable for them. Ø Any pages that are likely to offend people should have a warning on them e.g. racist pages. Ø Links should not connect people to inappropriate sites when they are unaware of it. Ø People should not send Spam Ø Adverts on the internet should be true and not just joking about Ø If it is a purchasing site any extra cost such as VAT should clearly be shown Ø The advertisers name should be shown clearly Ø Information on web sites should not encourage illegal acts Ø Private data can’t be shown without the person knowing about it. Conclusion Overall the internet is a fast way to obtain information from a lot of different sources it is a good time killer if you are bored as it has billions and billions of different websites to explore. The internet is also a good way of advertising and selling and equally purchasing items. Although there are many draw backs the internet has more advantages than disadvantages. The fact that there are billions of people connected to the internet opposed to four computers when it was first set up means that it must be a good place to visit.

Breakfast Eating Habit: A Statisical Research Project Essay

Every day millions of people around the globe turn off their alarm clocks and start their day. Some will jump out of bed and hit the door running full tilt because they are already 10 minutes late. Others are up hours before they are required to be anywhere, soak in the sunrise and settle into a predefined routine, of which breakfast may or may not be a part of. But who eats breakfast? Are there any significant factors that predispose certain people to eat breakfast or not eat breakfast? One approach to determining dependency of environmental variables and eating habits is to class individuals according to one of many possible variables. The topic for discussion in this paper is breakfast eating habits among women and the variability of children, specifically, whether women with pre teen children living at home eat breakfast more frequently than women without pre teen children. In theory, a person might assume that that women with pre teen children will tend to eat breakfast more so than women without pre teen children due in part to the responsibility they have to wake up early and prepare their children for the days events including school and sports. Different factors of each home can vary results in either direction but our research attempts to determine the dependency that pre teen may have on their mothers own breakfast eating habits. There is a tremendous amount of research done on the benefits of eating a health breakfast not only for adults, but children as well. Researchers have found that when healthy, lean women skipped their morning meal, it raised their cholesterol levels and diminished their bodies’ sensitivity to insulin, a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels. In addition, the women tended to eat more calories on breakfast-free days, suggesting that over time, skipping breakfast could spur weight gain. Past studies have also suggested that women who eat breakfast, particularly whole-grain cereals, have lower cholesterol and insulin levels. Along with past evidence, new findings suggest that making time for breakfast is likely to have long-term health benefits. Whether one of those benefits results in a smaller waistline remains unclear. Some research has found a direct correlation between eating breakfast, particularly whole-grain foods, and lower body weight. Conversely, other studies have found no such relationship exists. What is clear is that researchers have found evidence that Mom was right: breakfast may really be the most important meal of the day, especially for growing children. It is essential for children to regularly consume a balanced breakfast. Data supports that the more often adolescents eat breakfast, the less likely they tend to be overweight. Additional studies have shown children are more focused in school and do better academically than those who skip breakfast. Children show the tendency to have more energy throughout the day and are more likely to participate in school activities and sports. Psychologists have determined children mostly observe their parents and follow their actions. A healthy habit of eating breakfast would tend to be a learned trait by following generations and influence the children to continue eating breakfast into adulthood. Experts also surmise that if breakfast is regularly consumed as a family meal, it may reduce the likelihood of drug use as children mature into adults. The feeling of family  closeness and nurturing support is a significant factor in reduced propensity of crime related activities with children. In order to help determine whether or not any dependency exists between breakfast eating habits and having pre teen children, our team created a survey that asked very basic questions relating to age, pregnancy, children, and how many times those women ate a breakfast that consisted of more than water or coffee. Our research chose to exclude women that where pregnant with their first child in order to rule out any difference in opinion of whether or not those women had a child at all. Our research also specifically excluded women under the age of 18 due to a litany of factors that we will not discuss in this paper. The breakfast quantities were lumped into three groups: 0-2 times per week, 3-5 times per week, and 6-7 times per week. We then randomly distributed our survey via the internet in order to capture a diverse group of woman and collated the responses. Since our research focused on determining dependency between pre teen children and eating breakfast, our null and alternative statements were simple: Null Statement – There is no difference in breakfast eating habits of women in relation to having pre teen children or having no pre teen children living in the house. Alternative Statement – Women with pre teen children living in the house eat breakfast more frequently then women who do not have pre teen children living in the house. Failing to reject the null statement would be an indication that no dependency lies between having children and eating breakfast. Conversely and what we expected to see was that a dependency did exist between the two. Our survey yielded 39 respondents, of which the category breakdown is as follows: Breakfast 0-2 Breakfast 3-5 Breakfast 6-7 With Preteen Children 1 7 6 Without Preteen Children 4 4 17 While the data may indicate a correlation between having children and breakfast eating habits exist, performing a Chi Squared Test for Independence revealed that we are 95% confident that no such relationship exists as shown by the graph on the following page: Our research dictates that we need to fail to reject the null hypothesis thus determining that with 95% certainty, no relationship exists. In conclusion, while having pre teen children in the home has no bearing on whether or not women age 18 and higher eat breakfast more often, there may be other factors that would lend itself to a dependency. Actively working, reporting time, time of year, and perhaps a survey on men might be other explored variable in an effort to determine any dependency relating to breakfast eating habits. It was interesting to note that respondents that did not have children ate breakfast in the 6-7 times a week range disproportionately higher than the other two categories. Further research is needed to ferret out any identifiable variable that would support this evidence. It is important to note for further discussion that the test statistic calculated high enough to the critical value that based on a larger sample size, a possibility may still exist that a dependent relationship is real, but not within our sample. Eating breakfast has been determined beneficial for adults and children alike, if research could identify correlations, education could be tailored to specific at risk groups and encourage those within the preferred band of dependency.

Identity of Women in Jack Kerouac’s On The Road Essay

The Identity of Women in On The Road The women in Jack Kerouacs work, On The Road, are portrayed as superficial and shallow, while the men display depth in character. Women are stereotyped as falling into one of three categories; virginal, maternal or promiscuous, and, throughout the novel, are referred to in a facetious, derogatory manner. ‘Sal’, the protagonist, expresses sexist attitudes, which are a result of both his upbringing and societal attitudes of the time. Although the novel does highlight the problem of sexism, ultimately it does nothing to criticise it, but in fact projects it. In On The Road, there are many instances in which female identity is diminished. These arise in the novel’s treatment of†¦show more content†¦In the novel, women have little dialogue. Their speech consists of phrases such as go ahead and do me or oh, poor baby. A slight twist on this is the character of Terry. Though only in the book briefly, she has lengthy dialogue (in comparison with the other female characters), and a relatively significant role. She is perceived by Sal as fulfilling his sexual desires and his desire for a maternal figure. He does not credit her character with much more than this. Then, Sal decides to leave Terry. This is something that should not have been as easy as it was for Sal. He is leaving his little family and he seems not to care too much. This may not be extremely severe but it does call into question his opinion of Terry and of women in general. Did he really care so much for her? Does he possibly feel that she is nothing he can not fi nd anywhere else? He relies on his Aunt to provide money for his departure, possibly substituting one mother figure for another. A notable aspect in dealing with Terrys identity, is that, after Sal leaves, she is again categorized as promiscuous. 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